--- title: "CRA FAQ Hub" canonical_url: "https://www.sorena.io/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq" source_url: "https://www.sorena.io/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/36" author: "Sorena AI" description: "Browse the CRA FAQ hub for Blue Guide market-access concepts, CE marking, and component due diligence." published_at: "2026-03-10" updated_at: "2026-03-10" keywords: - "CRA FAQ hub" - "Cyber Resilience Act FAQ" - "CRA Blue Guide" - "CRA CE marking FAQ" - "CRA component due diligence FAQ" - "Cyber Resilience Act" - "CRA FAQ" - "CE marking" - "Blue Guide" - "component due diligence" --- **[SORENA](https://www.sorena.io/)** - AI-Powered GRC Platform [Home](https://www.sorena.io/) | [Solutions](https://www.sorena.io/solutions) | [Artifacts](https://www.sorena.io/artifacts) | [About Us](https://www.sorena.io/about-us) | [Contact](https://www.sorena.io/contact) | [Portal](https://app.sorena.io) --- # CRA FAQ Hub Browse the CRA FAQ hub for Blue Guide market-access concepts, CE marking, and component due diligence. *FAQ Hub* *EU* *Cyber Resilience Act* ## EU Cyber Resilience Act FAQ Browse focused CRA FAQ modules built around the questions that usually slow market access, product launch, conformity work, and component governance. Each sub-FAQ is grounded in official sources and designed for legal, compliance, product, engineering, and security teams. Use this FAQ hub when the general CRA page is too broad and you need a tighter answer set. The sub-FAQs below group high-friction questions into practical modules so teams can move faster on interpretation, evidence design, and release decisions without losing source traceability. ## Browse sub-FAQ modules ### [CRA Blue Guide Concepts FAQ | Placing on the Market, Making Available, Distance Sales](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/blue-guide-concepts.md) CRA FAQ on Blue Guide concepts used in Cyber Resilience Act interpretation: placing on the market, making available, putting into service, online sales. - 28 items ### [CRA CE Marking FAQ | Meaning, Placement Rules, Software Labeling, Notified Bodies](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/ce-marking.md) CRA CE marking FAQ covering what the mark means, when it is mandatory, software and website placement rules, packaging fallback, notified body numbers. - 26 items ### [CRA Component Due Diligence FAQ | Third-Party Components, FOSS, SBOM, Vulnerabilities](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/component-due-diligence.md) CRA component due diligence FAQ covering third-party components, FOSS, CE-marked components, SBOM review, risk-based checks, upstream vulnerability reporting. - 21 items ### [CRA Conformity Assessment Routes FAQ | Module A, Module B+C, Module H, Critical and Important Products](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/conformity-assessment-routes.md) CRA FAQ on conformity assessment routes covering module A, module B+C, module H, important and critical products, harmonised standards, certification schemes. - 25 items ### [CRA Core Functionality FAQ | Important Products, Critical Products, Classification](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/core-functionality.md) CRA FAQ on core functionality covering classification of important and critical products, ancillary functions, integrated components. - 21 items ### [CRA Cybersecurity Risk Assessment FAQ | Article 13, Threat Modelling, Variants, Constraints](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/cybersecurity-risk-assessment.md) CRA FAQ on cybersecurity risk assessment covering Article 13, threat modelling, intended purpose, foreseeable misuse, external dependencies, documentation. - 26 items ### [CRA Declaration of Conformity FAQ | Full vs Simplified, Languages, Updates, Duties](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/declaration-of-conformity.md) CRA FAQ on the EU declaration of conformity covering full and simplified formats, required contents, languages, updates, single declarations across EU laws. - 19 items ### [CRA Economic Operators FAQ | Manufacturers, Importers, Distributors, Authorised Representatives](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/economic-operators.md) CRA FAQ on economic operators covering manufacturer, authorised representative, importer, distributor, responsible operator rules, checks, traceability. - 26 items ### [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements FAQ | Annex I Part I and Part II](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md) CRA FAQ on the essential cybersecurity requirements covering Annex I Part I and Part II, applicability, evidence, interoperability constraints. - 20 items ### [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries FAQ | Product Scope, Combined Products, Source Code](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md) CRA FAQ on hardware and software boundaries covering combined products, standalone software, source code, companion apps, remote data processing. - 26 items ### [CRA Harmonised Standards and Common Specifications FAQ | Presumption of Conformity, OJ Publication](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/harmonised-standards-and-common-specifications.md) CRA FAQ on harmonised standards, common specifications, and certification schemes covering presumption of conformity, Official Journal publication. - 24 items ### [CRA Important and Critical Products FAQ | Annex III, Annex IV, Core Functionality](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/important-and-critical-products.md) CRA FAQ on important and critical products covering Annex III and Annex IV classification, core functionality, conformity routes, FOSS rule limits. - 30 items ### [CRA Integrated Components and Dependencies FAQ | Due Diligence, RDPS, Third-Party Components](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/integrated-components-and-dependencies.md) CRA FAQ on integrated components and dependencies covering due diligence, third-party components, RDPS, cloud dependencies, upstream fixes, FOSS dependencies. - 21 items ### [CRA Interplay With Other EU Laws FAQ | RED, AI Act, GDPR, Data Act, EHDS, Machinery](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/interplay-with-other-eu-laws.md) CRA FAQ on interplay with other EU laws covering exclusions, overlap with RED, AI Act, GDPR, Data Act, EHDS, Machinery, GPSR, NIS2, aviation, marine. - 25 items ### [CRA Known Exploitable Vulnerabilities at Launch FAQ | Placement on the Market, CVEs, Late Discoveries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/known-exploitable-vulnerabilities-at-launch.md) CRA FAQ on known exploitable vulnerabilities at launch covering the launch-time rule, exploitability, known vulnerabilities, CVEs, compensating controls. - 18 items ### [CRA Legacy Products FAQ | Pre-2027 Products, Reporting, Grandfathering, Substantial Modification](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/legacy-products.md) CRA FAQ on legacy products covering pre-11 December 2027 products, Article 14 reporting, continued sale, substantial modification, spare parts, old designs. - 21 items ### [CRA Manufacturer Obligations FAQ | Article 13 Duties, Support Period, Reporting, Documentation](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/manufacturer-obligations.md) CRA FAQ on manufacturer obligations covering Article 13 duties, risk assessment, support periods, vulnerability handling, reporting, documentation. - 41 items ### [CRA Market Surveillance and Enforcement FAQ | Authorities, Safeguards, Sweeps, Formal Non-Compliance](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/market-surveillance-and-enforcement.md) CRA FAQ on market surveillance and enforcement covering authorities, investigations, safeguard procedures, formal non-compliance, sweeps, joint activities. - 39 items ### [CRA Module A FAQ | Internal Control, Self-Assessment, Eligibility, Documentation](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/module-a.md) CRA FAQ on module A covering internal control, eligible products, class I limits, FOSS exception, technical documentation, testing, CE marking. - 28 items ### [CRA Module B+C FAQ | EU-Type Examination, Conformity to Type, Notified Bodies](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/module-b-c.md) CRA FAQ on module B+C covering EU-type examination, conformity to type, notified-body role, certificate changes, production control, CE marking. - 32 items ### [CRA Module H FAQ | Full Quality Assurance, Notified Body Surveillance, CE Marking](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/module-h.md) CRA FAQ on module H covering full quality assurance, quality-system approval, notified-body surveillance, scope changes, CE marking, language rules, records. - 31 items ### [CRA Notified Bodies FAQ | Notification, Scope, NANDO, Independence, Competence](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/notified-bodies.md) CRA FAQ on notified bodies covering notification, competence, independence, NANDO scope, accreditation, cross-border choice, subcontracting. - 35 items ### [CRA Open-Source Software FAQ | FOSS, Commercial Activity, Stewards, Donations, Paid Editions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/open-source-software.md) CRA FAQ on open-source software covering FOSS qualification, commercial activity, donations, paid support, stewards, contributors, repositories. - 39 items ### [CRA Over-the-Air Updates FAQ | OTA, Automatic Updates, Secure Distribution, Offline Paths](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md) CRA FAQ on over-the-air updates covering OTA versus automatic updates, secure distribution, screenless products, gateways, offline update paths. - 25 items ### [CRA Penalties and Fines FAQ | Fine Tiers, Turnover Caps, SME Carve-Outs, Stewards](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md) CRA FAQ on penalties and fines covering Article 64 fine tiers, turnover caps, SME carve-outs, steward exemptions, cumulative fines, criminal sanctions. - 23 items ### [CRA Product Families FAQ | Variants, Shared Assessments, Family Reuse, Conformity Scope](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/product-families.md) CRA FAQ on product families covering shared risk assessments, family-wide documentation reuse, cybersecurity-relevant variant differences. - 16 items ### [CRA Remote Data Processing Solutions FAQ | RDPS Scope, Cloud Services, SaaS Boundaries, Documentation](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md) CRA FAQ on remote data processing solutions covering Article 3(2) RDPS tests, cloud-service boundaries, websites and portals, third-party SaaS, backend scope. - 21 items ### [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts FAQ | Repairs, Refurbishment, Spare-Part Exemption, Compatibility](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md) CRA FAQ on repairs and spare parts covering substantial modification, Article 2(6) identical spare parts, non-identical replacements. - 18 items ### [CRA Reporting Obligations FAQ | Article 14 Deadlines, CSIRT Filing, User Notices, Legacy Products](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/reporting-obligations.md) CRA FAQ on reporting obligations covering Article 14 deadlines, actively exploited vulnerabilities, severe incidents, CSIRT routing, user notifications. - 35 items ### [CRA Scope FAQ | Products with Digital Elements, Connections, Software, Exclusions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/scope-and-products-with-digital-elements.md) CRA FAQ on scope and products with digital elements covering software, firmware, components, direct and indirect connections, offline products, exclusions. - 30 items ### [CRA Secure-by-Default FAQ | Default Configuration, Auto Updates, Tailor-Made Limits](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/secure-by-default.md) CRA FAQ on secure by default covering Annex I default configuration, automatic security updates, opt-outs, components, inapplicability. - 18 items ### [CRA Security Updates vs Functionality Updates FAQ | Separation, Free Updates, Article 13(10)](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/security-updates-vs-functionality-updates.md) CRA FAQ on security updates versus functionality updates covering separation where technically feasible, free security updates, automatic updates. - 24 items ### [CRA Substantial Modification FAQ | Post-Market Changes, New Manufacturer, Legacy Products](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/substantial-modification.md) CRA FAQ on substantial modification covering Article 3(30), software updates, repairs, new manufacturer status, conformity reassessment. - 27 items ### [CRA Support Period FAQ | Placement on the Market, Unit-Level Timing, Update Availability](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/support-period.md) CRA FAQ on support periods covering Article 13(8), placement on the market timing, unit-level support periods, standalone software, update availability. - 71 items ### [CRA Tailor-Made Products FAQ | Business-User Exception, Paid Updates, Evidence](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/tailor-made-products.md) CRA FAQ on tailor-made products covering the narrow business-user carve-out, secure-by-default and paid-update deviations, required evidence. - 17 items ### [CRA Technical Documentation FAQ | Annex VII, Languages, Authority Access, Updates](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/technical-documentation.md) CRA FAQ on technical documentation covering Annex VII content, timing, languages, versioning, authority access, reused documentation, simplified formats. - 21 items ### [CRA Transition Period FAQ | Key Dates, Legacy Products, Pre-CRA Stock, RED Interplay](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/transition-period.md) CRA FAQ on the transition period covering entry into force, phased application dates, legacy products, stock and customs timing, standalone software. - 23 items ### [CRA Update Availability and Archives FAQ | Article 13(9), Archives, Historical Versions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/update-availability-and-archives.md) CRA FAQ on update availability and software archives covering Article 13(9), Article 13(10), Article 13(11), retention of issued security updates. - 24 items ### [CRA User Information and Transparency FAQ | Annex II, Support Disclosure, User Notices](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/user-information-and-transparency.md) CRA FAQ on user information and transparency covering Annex II instructions, support-period disclosure, end-of-support notices, vulnerability notices. - 28 items ### [CRA Vulnerability Handling FAQ | Lifecycle Duties, Components, Disclosure, Fix Sharing](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/vulnerability-handling.md) CRA FAQ on vulnerability handling covering Annex I Part II duties, component vulnerabilities, upstream reporting and fix sharing. - 29 items Browse all indexed questions: [/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items.md) ## All FAQ items *Page 36 of 54. Showing 20 of 1072 items.* ### [What does CRA RDPS status change for risk assessment and conformity?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md#what-does-cra-rdps-status-change-for-risk-assessment-and-conformity) *Module: [CRA Remote Data Processing Solutions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md)* It means the manufacturer has to assess the product as a whole, including RDPS when it is in scope. Sources for this answer: - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 4.1.2 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 162, 187 to 190 - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 13(2), Article 31, Annex VII ### [What must the manufacturer document when a product has RDPS or relies on third-party cloud solutions?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md#what-must-the-manufacturer-document-when-a-product-has-rdps-or-relies-on-third-party-cloud-solutions) *Module: [CRA Remote Data Processing Solutions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md)* The draft guidance says the technical documentation should indicate whether the product has RDPS or relies on third-party cloud solutions, and should describe them. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 188 - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 31, Annex VII ### [What kinds of third-party assurance evidence may help under the CRA when a product relies on cloud services?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md#what-kinds-of-third-party-assurance-evidence-may-help-under-the-cra-when-a-product-relies-on-cloud-services) *Module: [CRA Remote Data Processing Solutions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md)* The draft guidance says that, as relevant, the manufacturer may re-use certain evidence in support of its conformity assessment and/or due diligence for third-party cloud services. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 191 ### [Do RDPS-related obligations matter only at launch, or also during the support period?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md#do-rdps-related-obligations-matter-only-at-launch-or-also-during-the-support-period) *Module: [CRA Remote Data Processing Solutions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md)* They also matter later. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 162 - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 14 ### [Is a cellular network or general connectivity provider itself an RDPS?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md#is-a-cellular-network-or-general-connectivity-provider-itself-an-rdps) *Module: [CRA Remote Data Processing Solutions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md)* No, not just because the product relies on connectivity. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - section 8.3.5 - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 3(2) ### [Can manufacturers use contracts or SLAs with third-party cloud providers to help manage CRA risks?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md#can-manufacturers-use-contracts-or-slas-with-third-party-cloud-providers-to-help-manage-cra-risks) *Module: [CRA Remote Data Processing Solutions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md)* Yes, as one support tool. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 192 ### [If a third-party cloud provider changes its own service, is that automatically a substantial modification of the product?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md#if-a-third-party-cloud-provider-changes-its-own-service-is-that-automatically-a-substantial-modification-of-the-product) *Module: [CRA Remote Data Processing Solutions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md)* Not automatically. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 192 ### [Do repair, maintenance, or refurbishment automatically count as substantial modifications under the CRA?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#do-repair-maintenance-or-refurbishment-automatically-count-as-substantial-modifications-under-the-cra) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* No. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 3(30), Recital 38, Recital 42 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 85 to 90 ### [How should a physical repair be assessed under the CRA?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#how-should-a-physical-repair-be-assessed-under-the-cra) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* Case by case. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 88 to 90 - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 3(30) ### [If a defective part is replaced with a better-performing part, does that automatically make the repaired product substantially modified?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#if-a-defective-part-is-replaced-with-a-better-performing-part-does-that-automatically-make-the-repaired-product-substantially-modified) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* No. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 90, Examples 29 and 30 ### [Are identical spare parts excluded from the CRA?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#are-identical-spare-parts-excluded-from-the-cra) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* Yes. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 2(6), Recital 29 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 91 to 92 ### [Does the CRA identical-spare-part exemption also cover legacy products placed on the market before 11 December 2027?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#does-the-cra-identical-spare-part-exemption-also-cover-legacy-products-placed-on-the-market-before-11-december-2027) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* Yes. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Recital 29 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 91 to 92 ### [What if the replacement part is not identical to the original component?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#what-if-the-replacement-part-is-not-identical-to-the-original-component) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* Then the spare part is itself subject to the CRA as a product in its own right. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 93 ### [If the spare part is not identical, does installing it automatically mean the repaired product has been substantially modified?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#if-the-spare-part-is-not-identical-does-installing-it-automatically-mean-the-repaired-product-has-been-substantially-modified) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* No. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 94, Examples 32 and 34 - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 3(30) ### [What if a non-identical spare part cannot fully meet every CRA requirement because it has to stay compatible with an older product?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#what-if-a-non-identical-spare-part-cannot-fully-meet-every-cra-requirement-because-it-has-to-stay-compatible-with-an-older-product) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* The manufacturer must reflect those constraints in the cybersecurity risk assessment and implement appropriate alternative or compensatory risk-mitigation measures. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 29, point 93 - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 13(3), Article 13(18), Article 31(2), Annex II ### [Can software fixes or security updates be treated like maintenance rather than substantial modification?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#can-software-fixes-or-security-updates-be-treated-like-maintenance-rather-than-substantial-modification) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* Yes, often. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Recital 39 - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 1.4 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 101 to 106 ### [When can a software update become a substantial modification?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#when-can-a-software-update-become-a-substantial-modification) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* When it changes the intended purpose or introduces new or increased cybersecurity risks not covered by the original risk assessment. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Recital 39 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 96 to 105 ### [What happens if a repair or update does qualify as a substantial modification?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#what-happens-if-a-repair-or-update-does-qualify-as-a-substantial-modification) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* The modified product is treated as a new product for CRA purposes. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 21, Article 22, Article 69(2) - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 86, 107 to 108 ### [Does a substantial modification always require a complete rebuild of all documentation and testing?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#does-a-substantial-modification-always-require-a-complete-rebuild-of-all-documentation-and-testing) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* No. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 109 to 110 - [Blue Guide 2022](https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/44906/attachments/2/translations/en/renditions/native?ref=sorena.io) - section 2.1 and section 4.3 ### [How do repairs and updates affect products that were placed on the market before 11 December 2027?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md#how-do-repairs-and-updates-affect-products-that-were-placed-on-the-market-before-11-december-2027) *Module: [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)* For those products, the CRA generally applies only if, from 11 December 2027 onward, they are substantially modified. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 69(2), Article 69(3) - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 1.4 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 111 to 112 ## FAQ Pagination - Canonical index (page 1): [/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items.md) - Page 1 rule: `/page/1` is intentionally not generated; use the canonical index markdown URL. - Current page: 36 of 54 Pages: [1](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items.md) | [2](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/2.md) | [3](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/3.md) | [4](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/4.md) | [5](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/5.md) | [6](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/6.md) | [7](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/7.md) | [8](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/8.md) | [9](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/9.md) | [10](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/10.md) | [11](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/11.md) | [12](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/12.md) | [13](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/13.md) | [14](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/14.md) | [15](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/15.md) | [16](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/16.md) | [17](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/17.md) | [18](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/18.md) | [19](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/19.md) | [20](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/20.md) | [21](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/21.md) | [22](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/22.md) | [23](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/23.md) | [24](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/24.md) | [25](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/25.md) | [26](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/26.md) | [27](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/27.md) | [28](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/28.md) | [29](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/29.md) | [30](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/30.md) | [31](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/31.md) | [32](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/32.md) | [33](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/33.md) | [34](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/34.md) | [35](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/35.md) | [36](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/36.md) | [37](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/37.md) | [38](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/38.md) | [39](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/39.md) | [40](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/40.md) | [41](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/41.md) | [42](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/42.md) | [43](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/43.md) | [44](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/44.md) | [45](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/45.md) | [46](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/46.md) | [47](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/47.md) | [48](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/48.md) | [49](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/49.md) | [50](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/50.md) | [51](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/51.md) | [52](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/52.md) | [53](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/53.md) | [54](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/54.md) [Previous page](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/35.md) | [Next page](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/37.md) *Recommended next step* *Placement: after the FAQ section* ## Use the CRA FAQ hub as a cited research workflow Research Copilot can turn recurring CRA interpretation questions into a reusable workflow tied to your products, evidence, and owners. - [Open Research Copilot](/solutions/research-copilot.md): Answer CRA scope, conformity, CE marking, and component questions with cited outputs. - [Talk through your CRA rollout](/contact.md): Review product decisions, evidence gaps, and launch blockers with the Sorena team. --- [Privacy Policy](https://www.sorena.io/privacy) | [Terms of Use](https://www.sorena.io/terms-of-use) | [DMCA](https://www.sorena.io/dmca) | [About Us](https://www.sorena.io/about-us) (c) 2026 Sorena AB (559573-7338). 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