---
title: "CRA FAQ Hub"
canonical_url: "https://www.sorena.io/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq"
source_url: "https://www.sorena.io/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/33"
author: "Sorena AI"
description: "Browse the CRA FAQ hub for Blue Guide market-access concepts, CE marking, and component due diligence."
published_at: "2026-03-10"
updated_at: "2026-03-10"
keywords:
  - "CRA FAQ hub"
  - "Cyber Resilience Act FAQ"
  - "CRA Blue Guide"
  - "CRA CE marking FAQ"
  - "CRA component due diligence FAQ"
  - "Cyber Resilience Act"
  - "CRA FAQ"
  - "CE marking"
  - "Blue Guide"
  - "component due diligence"
---
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---

# CRA FAQ Hub

Browse the CRA FAQ hub for Blue Guide market-access concepts, CE marking, and component due diligence.

*FAQ Hub* *EU* *Cyber Resilience Act*

## EU Cyber Resilience Act FAQ

Browse focused CRA FAQ modules built around the questions that usually slow market access, product launch, conformity work, and component governance.

Each sub-FAQ is grounded in official sources and designed for legal, compliance, product, engineering, and security teams.

Use this FAQ hub when the general CRA page is too broad and you need a tighter answer set. The sub-FAQs below group high-friction questions into practical modules so teams can move faster on interpretation, evidence design, and release decisions without losing source traceability.

## Browse sub-FAQ modules

### [CRA Blue Guide Concepts FAQ | Placing on the Market, Making Available, Distance Sales](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/blue-guide-concepts.md)

CRA FAQ on Blue Guide concepts used in Cyber Resilience Act interpretation: placing on the market, making available, putting into service, online sales.

- 28 items

### [CRA CE Marking FAQ | Meaning, Placement Rules, Software Labeling, Notified Bodies](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/ce-marking.md)

CRA CE marking FAQ covering what the mark means, when it is mandatory, software and website placement rules, packaging fallback, notified body numbers.

- 26 items

### [CRA Component Due Diligence FAQ | Third-Party Components, FOSS, SBOM, Vulnerabilities](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/component-due-diligence.md)

CRA component due diligence FAQ covering third-party components, FOSS, CE-marked components, SBOM review, risk-based checks, upstream vulnerability reporting.

- 21 items

### [CRA Conformity Assessment Routes FAQ | Module A, Module B+C, Module H, Critical and Important Products](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/conformity-assessment-routes.md)

CRA FAQ on conformity assessment routes covering module A, module B+C, module H, important and critical products, harmonised standards, certification schemes.

- 25 items

### [CRA Core Functionality FAQ | Important Products, Critical Products, Classification](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/core-functionality.md)

CRA FAQ on core functionality covering classification of important and critical products, ancillary functions, integrated components.

- 21 items

### [CRA Cybersecurity Risk Assessment FAQ | Article 13, Threat Modelling, Variants, Constraints](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/cybersecurity-risk-assessment.md)

CRA FAQ on cybersecurity risk assessment covering Article 13, threat modelling, intended purpose, foreseeable misuse, external dependencies, documentation.

- 26 items

### [CRA Declaration of Conformity FAQ | Full vs Simplified, Languages, Updates, Duties](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/declaration-of-conformity.md)

CRA FAQ on the EU declaration of conformity covering full and simplified formats, required contents, languages, updates, single declarations across EU laws.

- 19 items

### [CRA Economic Operators FAQ | Manufacturers, Importers, Distributors, Authorised Representatives](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/economic-operators.md)

CRA FAQ on economic operators covering manufacturer, authorised representative, importer, distributor, responsible operator rules, checks, traceability.

- 26 items

### [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements FAQ | Annex I Part I and Part II](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)

CRA FAQ on the essential cybersecurity requirements covering Annex I Part I and Part II, applicability, evidence, interoperability constraints.

- 20 items

### [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries FAQ | Product Scope, Combined Products, Source Code](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md)

CRA FAQ on hardware and software boundaries covering combined products, standalone software, source code, companion apps, remote data processing.

- 26 items

### [CRA Harmonised Standards and Common Specifications FAQ | Presumption of Conformity, OJ Publication](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/harmonised-standards-and-common-specifications.md)

CRA FAQ on harmonised standards, common specifications, and certification schemes covering presumption of conformity, Official Journal publication.

- 24 items

### [CRA Important and Critical Products FAQ | Annex III, Annex IV, Core Functionality](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/important-and-critical-products.md)

CRA FAQ on important and critical products covering Annex III and Annex IV classification, core functionality, conformity routes, FOSS rule limits.

- 30 items

### [CRA Integrated Components and Dependencies FAQ | Due Diligence, RDPS, Third-Party Components](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/integrated-components-and-dependencies.md)

CRA FAQ on integrated components and dependencies covering due diligence, third-party components, RDPS, cloud dependencies, upstream fixes, FOSS dependencies.

- 21 items

### [CRA Interplay With Other EU Laws FAQ | RED, AI Act, GDPR, Data Act, EHDS, Machinery](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/interplay-with-other-eu-laws.md)

CRA FAQ on interplay with other EU laws covering exclusions, overlap with RED, AI Act, GDPR, Data Act, EHDS, Machinery, GPSR, NIS2, aviation, marine.

- 25 items

### [CRA Known Exploitable Vulnerabilities at Launch FAQ | Placement on the Market, CVEs, Late Discoveries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/known-exploitable-vulnerabilities-at-launch.md)

CRA FAQ on known exploitable vulnerabilities at launch covering the launch-time rule, exploitability, known vulnerabilities, CVEs, compensating controls.

- 18 items

### [CRA Legacy Products FAQ | Pre-2027 Products, Reporting, Grandfathering, Substantial Modification](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/legacy-products.md)

CRA FAQ on legacy products covering pre-11 December 2027 products, Article 14 reporting, continued sale, substantial modification, spare parts, old designs.

- 21 items

### [CRA Manufacturer Obligations FAQ | Article 13 Duties, Support Period, Reporting, Documentation](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/manufacturer-obligations.md)

CRA FAQ on manufacturer obligations covering Article 13 duties, risk assessment, support periods, vulnerability handling, reporting, documentation.

- 41 items

### [CRA Market Surveillance and Enforcement FAQ | Authorities, Safeguards, Sweeps, Formal Non-Compliance](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/market-surveillance-and-enforcement.md)

CRA FAQ on market surveillance and enforcement covering authorities, investigations, safeguard procedures, formal non-compliance, sweeps, joint activities.

- 39 items

### [CRA Module A FAQ | Internal Control, Self-Assessment, Eligibility, Documentation](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/module-a.md)

CRA FAQ on module A covering internal control, eligible products, class I limits, FOSS exception, technical documentation, testing, CE marking.

- 28 items

### [CRA Module B+C FAQ | EU-Type Examination, Conformity to Type, Notified Bodies](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/module-b-c.md)

CRA FAQ on module B+C covering EU-type examination, conformity to type, notified-body role, certificate changes, production control, CE marking.

- 32 items

### [CRA Module H FAQ | Full Quality Assurance, Notified Body Surveillance, CE Marking](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/module-h.md)

CRA FAQ on module H covering full quality assurance, quality-system approval, notified-body surveillance, scope changes, CE marking, language rules, records.

- 31 items

### [CRA Notified Bodies FAQ | Notification, Scope, NANDO, Independence, Competence](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/notified-bodies.md)

CRA FAQ on notified bodies covering notification, competence, independence, NANDO scope, accreditation, cross-border choice, subcontracting.

- 35 items

### [CRA Open-Source Software FAQ | FOSS, Commercial Activity, Stewards, Donations, Paid Editions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/open-source-software.md)

CRA FAQ on open-source software covering FOSS qualification, commercial activity, donations, paid support, stewards, contributors, repositories.

- 39 items

### [CRA Over-the-Air Updates FAQ | OTA, Automatic Updates, Secure Distribution, Offline Paths](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md)

CRA FAQ on over-the-air updates covering OTA versus automatic updates, secure distribution, screenless products, gateways, offline update paths.

- 25 items

### [CRA Penalties and Fines FAQ | Fine Tiers, Turnover Caps, SME Carve-Outs, Stewards](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)

CRA FAQ on penalties and fines covering Article 64 fine tiers, turnover caps, SME carve-outs, steward exemptions, cumulative fines, criminal sanctions.

- 23 items

### [CRA Product Families FAQ | Variants, Shared Assessments, Family Reuse, Conformity Scope](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/product-families.md)

CRA FAQ on product families covering shared risk assessments, family-wide documentation reuse, cybersecurity-relevant variant differences.

- 16 items

### [CRA Remote Data Processing Solutions FAQ | RDPS Scope, Cloud Services, SaaS Boundaries, Documentation](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md)

CRA FAQ on remote data processing solutions covering Article 3(2) RDPS tests, cloud-service boundaries, websites and portals, third-party SaaS, backend scope.

- 21 items

### [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts FAQ | Repairs, Refurbishment, Spare-Part Exemption, Compatibility](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md)

CRA FAQ on repairs and spare parts covering substantial modification, Article 2(6) identical spare parts, non-identical replacements.

- 18 items

### [CRA Reporting Obligations FAQ | Article 14 Deadlines, CSIRT Filing, User Notices, Legacy Products](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/reporting-obligations.md)

CRA FAQ on reporting obligations covering Article 14 deadlines, actively exploited vulnerabilities, severe incidents, CSIRT routing, user notifications.

- 35 items

### [CRA Scope FAQ | Products with Digital Elements, Connections, Software, Exclusions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/scope-and-products-with-digital-elements.md)

CRA FAQ on scope and products with digital elements covering software, firmware, components, direct and indirect connections, offline products, exclusions.

- 30 items

### [CRA Secure-by-Default FAQ | Default Configuration, Auto Updates, Tailor-Made Limits](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/secure-by-default.md)

CRA FAQ on secure by default covering Annex I default configuration, automatic security updates, opt-outs, components, inapplicability.

- 18 items

### [CRA Security Updates vs Functionality Updates FAQ | Separation, Free Updates, Article 13(10)](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/security-updates-vs-functionality-updates.md)

CRA FAQ on security updates versus functionality updates covering separation where technically feasible, free security updates, automatic updates.

- 24 items

### [CRA Substantial Modification FAQ | Post-Market Changes, New Manufacturer, Legacy Products](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/substantial-modification.md)

CRA FAQ on substantial modification covering Article 3(30), software updates, repairs, new manufacturer status, conformity reassessment.

- 27 items

### [CRA Support Period FAQ | Placement on the Market, Unit-Level Timing, Update Availability](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/support-period.md)

CRA FAQ on support periods covering Article 13(8), placement on the market timing, unit-level support periods, standalone software, update availability.

- 71 items

### [CRA Tailor-Made Products FAQ | Business-User Exception, Paid Updates, Evidence](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/tailor-made-products.md)

CRA FAQ on tailor-made products covering the narrow business-user carve-out, secure-by-default and paid-update deviations, required evidence.

- 17 items

### [CRA Technical Documentation FAQ | Annex VII, Languages, Authority Access, Updates](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/technical-documentation.md)

CRA FAQ on technical documentation covering Annex VII content, timing, languages, versioning, authority access, reused documentation, simplified formats.

- 21 items

### [CRA Transition Period FAQ | Key Dates, Legacy Products, Pre-CRA Stock, RED Interplay](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/transition-period.md)

CRA FAQ on the transition period covering entry into force, phased application dates, legacy products, stock and customs timing, standalone software.

- 23 items

### [CRA Update Availability and Archives FAQ | Article 13(9), Archives, Historical Versions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/update-availability-and-archives.md)

CRA FAQ on update availability and software archives covering Article 13(9), Article 13(10), Article 13(11), retention of issued security updates.

- 24 items

### [CRA User Information and Transparency FAQ | Annex II, Support Disclosure, User Notices](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/user-information-and-transparency.md)

CRA FAQ on user information and transparency covering Annex II instructions, support-period disclosure, end-of-support notices, vulnerability notices.

- 28 items

### [CRA Vulnerability Handling FAQ | Lifecycle Duties, Components, Disclosure, Fix Sharing](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/vulnerability-handling.md)

CRA FAQ on vulnerability handling covering Annex I Part II duties, component vulnerabilities, upstream reporting and fix sharing.

- 29 items

Browse all indexed questions: [/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items.md)

## All FAQ items

*Page 33 of 54. Showing 20 of 1072 items.*

### [Can a locally delivered update path such as USB or a web-upload mechanism satisfy the CRA instead of OTA?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md#can-a-locally-delivered-update-path-such-as-usb-or-a-web-upload-mechanism-satisfy-the-cra-instead-of-ota)

*Module: [CRA Over-the-Air Updates](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md)*

Potentially, yes.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Annex I Part I point (2)(c), Annex I Part II point (7)
- [ETSI EN 303 645 V3.1.3](https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/303600_303699/303645/03.01.03_60/en_303645v030103p.pdf?ref=sorena.io) - provisions 5.3-2 and 5.3-3
- [ETSI TR 103 621 V2.1.1](https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103600_103699/103621/02.01.01_60/tr_103621v020101p.pdf?ref=sorena.io) - sections 6.10 Example 2, 6.11 Example 3, and 6.15 Example 3

### [Can a gateway, controller, companion app, or associated service handle update checks or validation on behalf of the device?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md#can-a-gateway-controller-companion-app-or-associated-service-handle-update-checks-or-validation-on-behalf-of-the-device)

*Module: [CRA Over-the-Air Updates](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md)*

Potentially, yes.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Annex I Part I point (2)(c), Annex I Part II point (7)
- [ETSI EN 303 645 V3.1.3](https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/303600_303699/303645/03.01.03_60/en_303645v030103p.pdf?ref=sorena.io) - provisions 5.3-5 and 5.3-10
- [ETSI TR 103 621 V2.1.1](https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103600_103699/103621/02.01.01_60/tr_103621v020101p.pdf?ref=sorena.io) - sections 6.13 Example 3 and 6.18 Example 4

### [Does the CRA require default automatic installation for functionality updates too?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md#does-the-cra-require-default-automatic-installation-for-functionality-updates-too)

*Module: [CRA Over-the-Air Updates](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md)*

No.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Annex I Part I point (2)(c), Annex I Part II point (2), recital 57
- [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - sections 4.3.3 and 4.3.5

### [Can CRA automatic security updates be postponed until a suitable maintenance window or unmetered network?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md#can-cra-automatic-security-updates-be-postponed-until-a-suitable-maintenance-window-or-unmetered-network)

*Module: [CRA Over-the-Air Updates](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md)*

Yes.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Annex I Part I point (2)(c), Annex I Part II points (7) and (8)
- [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 4.3.3
- [ETSI TR 103 621 V2.1.1](https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103600_103699/103621/02.01.01_60/tr_103621v020101p.pdf?ref=sorena.io) - sections 6.12A Example 1, 6.12B Example 2, and 6.14A Example 3

### [Must the manufacturer document how its OTA or other update-distribution mechanism is secured?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md#must-the-manufacturer-document-how-its-ota-or-other-update-distribution-mechanism-is-secured)

*Module: [CRA Over-the-Air Updates](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md)*

Yes.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 31(1), Annex VII point 2(b)

### [Is using TLS or another protected transport channel by itself enough to make an OTA or update mechanism "secure"?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md#is-using-tls-or-another-protected-transport-channel-by-itself-enough-to-make-an-ota-or-update-mechanism-secure)

*Module: [CRA Over-the-Air Updates](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md)*

Not automatically.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Annex I Part II point (7)
- [ETSI EN 303 645 V3.1.3](https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/303600_303699/303645/03.01.03_60/en_303645v030103p.pdf?ref=sorena.io) - provisions 5.3-2, 5.3-7, 5.3-9, and 5.3-10
- [ETSI TS 103 701 V1.1.1](https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103700_103799/103701/01.01.01_60/ts_103701v010101p.pdf?ref=sorena.io) - test group 5.3-7
- [ETSI TR 103 621 V2.1.1](https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103600_103699/103621/02.01.01_60/tr_103621v020101p.pdf?ref=sorena.io) - sections 6.10 Example 1 and 6.18 Example 1

### [Can a product that is mostly offline or only intermittently connected still comply with the CRA's update obligations?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md#can-a-product-that-is-mostly-offline-or-only-intermittently-connected-still-comply-with-the-cras-update-obligations)

*Module: [CRA Over-the-Air Updates](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md)*

Potentially, yes.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Annex I Part I point (2)(c), Annex I Part II points (7) and (8)
- [ETSI TR 103 621 V2.1.1](https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103600_103699/103621/02.01.01_60/tr_103621v020101p.pdf?ref=sorena.io) - sections 8.2.4A Example 2, 8.2.5 Example 1, and 8.2.6A Example 2

### [Does the CRA itself provide for penalties, or does it leave penalties entirely to Member States?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#does-the-cra-itself-provide-for-penalties-or-does-it-leave-penalties-entirely-to-member-states)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

It does both.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 64(1) to (4)

### [Are CRA penalties fully harmonised across the EU?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#are-cra-penalties-fully-harmonised-across-the-eu)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

No.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 64(1), Article 64(7), Article 64(8)

### [What is the highest CRA fine tier?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#what-is-the-highest-cra-fine-tier)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

The highest fine tier applies to:

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 64(2)

### [What does the middle CRA fine tier cover?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#what-does-the-middle-cra-fine-tier-cover)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

The middle tier covers a broad set of obligations for economic operators, conformity assessment, notified bodies, and authority access. Article 64(3) lists the relevant provisions directly, including Articles 18 to 23, Article 28, Article 30(1) to (4), Article 31(1) to (4), Article 32(1) to (3), Article 33(5), and Articles 39, 41, 47, 49 and 53.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 64(3)

### [What CRA fine applies for incorrect, incomplete, or misleading information?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#what-cra-fine-applies-for-incorrect-incomplete-or-misleading-information)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

Supplying incorrect, incomplete, or misleading information in reply to a request from a notified body or a market-surveillance authority can lead to fines of up to EUR 5,000,000 or, if the offender is an undertaking, 1% of total worldwide annual turnover for the preceding financial year, whichever is higher.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 64(4)

### [Does the CRA set the exact fine amount automatically?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#does-the-cra-set-the-exact-fine-amount-automatically)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

No.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 64(5)

### [What factors affect the amount of a CRA fine in a specific case?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#what-factors-affect-the-amount-of-a-cra-fine-in-a-specific-case)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

Article 64(5) says authorities must take all relevant circumstances into account and give due regard at least to:

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 64(5)

### [Can several Member States fine the same operator for the same type of CRA infringement?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#can-several-member-states-fine-the-same-operator-for-the-same-type-of-cra-infringement)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

Potentially yes, but not without limits.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 64(5)(b), Article 64(6), Recital 120

### [Are microenterprises and small enterprises exempt from all CRA fines?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#are-microenterprises-and-small-enterprises-exempt-from-all-cra-fines)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

No.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 14(2)(a), Article 14(4)(a), Article 64(10)(a)

### [Can Member States still impose some other pecuniary penalty on those exempt small manufacturers for that reporting-delay breach?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#can-member-states-still-impose-some-other-pecuniary-penalty-on-those-exempt-small-manufacturers-for-that-reporting-delay-breach)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

The CRA recital points the other way.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Recital 120

### [Are open-source software stewards exposed to CRA administrative fines?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#are-open-source-software-stewards-exposed-to-cra-administrative-fines)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

No, not under the Article 64 administrative-fine regime.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 64(10)(b)

### [Does that mean open-source software stewards are outside CRA enforcement altogether?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#does-that-mean-open-source-software-stewards-are-outside-cra-enforcement-altogether)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

No.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 24, Article 52(3), Recital 120, Article 64(10)(b)

### [Can public authorities or public bodies be fined under the CRA?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md#can-public-authorities-or-public-bodies-be-fined-under-the-cra)

*Module: [CRA Penalties and Fines](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md)*

That depends on national law.

Sources for this answer:

- [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 64(7), Recital 121

## FAQ Pagination

- Canonical index (page 1): [/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items.md)
- Page 1 rule: `/page/1` is intentionally not generated; use the canonical index markdown URL.
- Current page: 33 of 54

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*Recommended next step*

*Placement: after the FAQ section*

## Use the CRA FAQ hub as a cited research workflow

Research Copilot can turn recurring CRA interpretation questions into a reusable workflow tied to your products, evidence, and owners.

- [Open Research Copilot](/solutions/research-copilot.md): Answer CRA scope, conformity, CE marking, and component questions with cited outputs.
- [Talk through your CRA rollout](/contact.md): Review product decisions, evidence gaps, and launch blockers with the Sorena team.


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