--- title: "CRA FAQ Hub" canonical_url: "https://www.sorena.io/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq" source_url: "https://www.sorena.io/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/11" author: "Sorena AI" description: "Browse the CRA FAQ hub for Blue Guide market-access concepts, CE marking, and component due diligence." published_at: "2026-03-10" updated_at: "2026-03-10" keywords: - "CRA FAQ hub" - "Cyber Resilience Act FAQ" - "CRA Blue Guide" - "CRA CE marking FAQ" - "CRA component due diligence FAQ" - "Cyber Resilience Act" - "CRA FAQ" - "CE marking" - "Blue Guide" - "component due diligence" --- **[SORENA](https://www.sorena.io/)** - AI-Powered GRC Platform [Home](https://www.sorena.io/) | [Solutions](https://www.sorena.io/solutions) | [Artifacts](https://www.sorena.io/artifacts) | [About Us](https://www.sorena.io/about-us) | [Contact](https://www.sorena.io/contact) | [Portal](https://app.sorena.io) --- # CRA FAQ Hub Browse the CRA FAQ hub for Blue Guide market-access concepts, CE marking, and component due diligence. *FAQ Hub* *EU* *Cyber Resilience Act* ## EU Cyber Resilience Act FAQ Browse focused CRA FAQ modules built around the questions that usually slow market access, product launch, conformity work, and component governance. Each sub-FAQ is grounded in official sources and designed for legal, compliance, product, engineering, and security teams. Use this FAQ hub when the general CRA page is too broad and you need a tighter answer set. The sub-FAQs below group high-friction questions into practical modules so teams can move faster on interpretation, evidence design, and release decisions without losing source traceability. ## Browse sub-FAQ modules ### [CRA Blue Guide Concepts FAQ | Placing on the Market, Making Available, Distance Sales](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/blue-guide-concepts.md) CRA FAQ on Blue Guide concepts used in Cyber Resilience Act interpretation: placing on the market, making available, putting into service, online sales. - 28 items ### [CRA CE Marking FAQ | Meaning, Placement Rules, Software Labeling, Notified Bodies](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/ce-marking.md) CRA CE marking FAQ covering what the mark means, when it is mandatory, software and website placement rules, packaging fallback, notified body numbers. - 26 items ### [CRA Component Due Diligence FAQ | Third-Party Components, FOSS, SBOM, Vulnerabilities](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/component-due-diligence.md) CRA component due diligence FAQ covering third-party components, FOSS, CE-marked components, SBOM review, risk-based checks, upstream vulnerability reporting. - 21 items ### [CRA Conformity Assessment Routes FAQ | Module A, Module B+C, Module H, Critical and Important Products](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/conformity-assessment-routes.md) CRA FAQ on conformity assessment routes covering module A, module B+C, module H, important and critical products, harmonised standards, certification schemes. - 25 items ### [CRA Core Functionality FAQ | Important Products, Critical Products, Classification](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/core-functionality.md) CRA FAQ on core functionality covering classification of important and critical products, ancillary functions, integrated components. - 21 items ### [CRA Cybersecurity Risk Assessment FAQ | Article 13, Threat Modelling, Variants, Constraints](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/cybersecurity-risk-assessment.md) CRA FAQ on cybersecurity risk assessment covering Article 13, threat modelling, intended purpose, foreseeable misuse, external dependencies, documentation. - 26 items ### [CRA Declaration of Conformity FAQ | Full vs Simplified, Languages, Updates, Duties](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/declaration-of-conformity.md) CRA FAQ on the EU declaration of conformity covering full and simplified formats, required contents, languages, updates, single declarations across EU laws. - 19 items ### [CRA Economic Operators FAQ | Manufacturers, Importers, Distributors, Authorised Representatives](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/economic-operators.md) CRA FAQ on economic operators covering manufacturer, authorised representative, importer, distributor, responsible operator rules, checks, traceability. - 26 items ### [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements FAQ | Annex I Part I and Part II](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md) CRA FAQ on the essential cybersecurity requirements covering Annex I Part I and Part II, applicability, evidence, interoperability constraints. - 20 items ### [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries FAQ | Product Scope, Combined Products, Source Code](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md) CRA FAQ on hardware and software boundaries covering combined products, standalone software, source code, companion apps, remote data processing. - 26 items ### [CRA Harmonised Standards and Common Specifications FAQ | Presumption of Conformity, OJ Publication](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/harmonised-standards-and-common-specifications.md) CRA FAQ on harmonised standards, common specifications, and certification schemes covering presumption of conformity, Official Journal publication. - 24 items ### [CRA Important and Critical Products FAQ | Annex III, Annex IV, Core Functionality](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/important-and-critical-products.md) CRA FAQ on important and critical products covering Annex III and Annex IV classification, core functionality, conformity routes, FOSS rule limits. - 30 items ### [CRA Integrated Components and Dependencies FAQ | Due Diligence, RDPS, Third-Party Components](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/integrated-components-and-dependencies.md) CRA FAQ on integrated components and dependencies covering due diligence, third-party components, RDPS, cloud dependencies, upstream fixes, FOSS dependencies. - 21 items ### [CRA Interplay With Other EU Laws FAQ | RED, AI Act, GDPR, Data Act, EHDS, Machinery](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/interplay-with-other-eu-laws.md) CRA FAQ on interplay with other EU laws covering exclusions, overlap with RED, AI Act, GDPR, Data Act, EHDS, Machinery, GPSR, NIS2, aviation, marine. - 25 items ### [CRA Known Exploitable Vulnerabilities at Launch FAQ | Placement on the Market, CVEs, Late Discoveries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/known-exploitable-vulnerabilities-at-launch.md) CRA FAQ on known exploitable vulnerabilities at launch covering the launch-time rule, exploitability, known vulnerabilities, CVEs, compensating controls. - 18 items ### [CRA Legacy Products FAQ | Pre-2027 Products, Reporting, Grandfathering, Substantial Modification](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/legacy-products.md) CRA FAQ on legacy products covering pre-11 December 2027 products, Article 14 reporting, continued sale, substantial modification, spare parts, old designs. - 21 items ### [CRA Manufacturer Obligations FAQ | Article 13 Duties, Support Period, Reporting, Documentation](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/manufacturer-obligations.md) CRA FAQ on manufacturer obligations covering Article 13 duties, risk assessment, support periods, vulnerability handling, reporting, documentation. - 41 items ### [CRA Market Surveillance and Enforcement FAQ | Authorities, Safeguards, Sweeps, Formal Non-Compliance](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/market-surveillance-and-enforcement.md) CRA FAQ on market surveillance and enforcement covering authorities, investigations, safeguard procedures, formal non-compliance, sweeps, joint activities. - 39 items ### [CRA Module A FAQ | Internal Control, Self-Assessment, Eligibility, Documentation](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/module-a.md) CRA FAQ on module A covering internal control, eligible products, class I limits, FOSS exception, technical documentation, testing, CE marking. - 28 items ### [CRA Module B+C FAQ | EU-Type Examination, Conformity to Type, Notified Bodies](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/module-b-c.md) CRA FAQ on module B+C covering EU-type examination, conformity to type, notified-body role, certificate changes, production control, CE marking. - 32 items ### [CRA Module H FAQ | Full Quality Assurance, Notified Body Surveillance, CE Marking](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/module-h.md) CRA FAQ on module H covering full quality assurance, quality-system approval, notified-body surveillance, scope changes, CE marking, language rules, records. - 31 items ### [CRA Notified Bodies FAQ | Notification, Scope, NANDO, Independence, Competence](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/notified-bodies.md) CRA FAQ on notified bodies covering notification, competence, independence, NANDO scope, accreditation, cross-border choice, subcontracting. - 35 items ### [CRA Open-Source Software FAQ | FOSS, Commercial Activity, Stewards, Donations, Paid Editions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/open-source-software.md) CRA FAQ on open-source software covering FOSS qualification, commercial activity, donations, paid support, stewards, contributors, repositories. - 39 items ### [CRA Over-the-Air Updates FAQ | OTA, Automatic Updates, Secure Distribution, Offline Paths](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/over-the-air-updates.md) CRA FAQ on over-the-air updates covering OTA versus automatic updates, secure distribution, screenless products, gateways, offline update paths. - 25 items ### [CRA Penalties and Fines FAQ | Fine Tiers, Turnover Caps, SME Carve-Outs, Stewards](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/penalties-and-fines.md) CRA FAQ on penalties and fines covering Article 64 fine tiers, turnover caps, SME carve-outs, steward exemptions, cumulative fines, criminal sanctions. - 23 items ### [CRA Product Families FAQ | Variants, Shared Assessments, Family Reuse, Conformity Scope](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/product-families.md) CRA FAQ on product families covering shared risk assessments, family-wide documentation reuse, cybersecurity-relevant variant differences. - 16 items ### [CRA Remote Data Processing Solutions FAQ | RDPS Scope, Cloud Services, SaaS Boundaries, Documentation](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/remote-data-processing-solutions.md) CRA FAQ on remote data processing solutions covering Article 3(2) RDPS tests, cloud-service boundaries, websites and portals, third-party SaaS, backend scope. - 21 items ### [CRA Repairs and Spare Parts FAQ | Repairs, Refurbishment, Spare-Part Exemption, Compatibility](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/repairs-and-spare-parts.md) CRA FAQ on repairs and spare parts covering substantial modification, Article 2(6) identical spare parts, non-identical replacements. - 18 items ### [CRA Reporting Obligations FAQ | Article 14 Deadlines, CSIRT Filing, User Notices, Legacy Products](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/reporting-obligations.md) CRA FAQ on reporting obligations covering Article 14 deadlines, actively exploited vulnerabilities, severe incidents, CSIRT routing, user notifications. - 35 items ### [CRA Scope FAQ | Products with Digital Elements, Connections, Software, Exclusions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/scope-and-products-with-digital-elements.md) CRA FAQ on scope and products with digital elements covering software, firmware, components, direct and indirect connections, offline products, exclusions. - 30 items ### [CRA Secure-by-Default FAQ | Default Configuration, Auto Updates, Tailor-Made Limits](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/secure-by-default.md) CRA FAQ on secure by default covering Annex I default configuration, automatic security updates, opt-outs, components, inapplicability. - 18 items ### [CRA Security Updates vs Functionality Updates FAQ | Separation, Free Updates, Article 13(10)](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/security-updates-vs-functionality-updates.md) CRA FAQ on security updates versus functionality updates covering separation where technically feasible, free security updates, automatic updates. - 24 items ### [CRA Substantial Modification FAQ | Post-Market Changes, New Manufacturer, Legacy Products](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/substantial-modification.md) CRA FAQ on substantial modification covering Article 3(30), software updates, repairs, new manufacturer status, conformity reassessment. - 27 items ### [CRA Support Period FAQ | Placement on the Market, Unit-Level Timing, Update Availability](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/support-period.md) CRA FAQ on support periods covering Article 13(8), placement on the market timing, unit-level support periods, standalone software, update availability. - 71 items ### [CRA Tailor-Made Products FAQ | Business-User Exception, Paid Updates, Evidence](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/tailor-made-products.md) CRA FAQ on tailor-made products covering the narrow business-user carve-out, secure-by-default and paid-update deviations, required evidence. - 17 items ### [CRA Technical Documentation FAQ | Annex VII, Languages, Authority Access, Updates](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/technical-documentation.md) CRA FAQ on technical documentation covering Annex VII content, timing, languages, versioning, authority access, reused documentation, simplified formats. - 21 items ### [CRA Transition Period FAQ | Key Dates, Legacy Products, Pre-CRA Stock, RED Interplay](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/transition-period.md) CRA FAQ on the transition period covering entry into force, phased application dates, legacy products, stock and customs timing, standalone software. - 23 items ### [CRA Update Availability and Archives FAQ | Article 13(9), Archives, Historical Versions](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/update-availability-and-archives.md) CRA FAQ on update availability and software archives covering Article 13(9), Article 13(10), Article 13(11), retention of issued security updates. - 24 items ### [CRA User Information and Transparency FAQ | Annex II, Support Disclosure, User Notices](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/user-information-and-transparency.md) CRA FAQ on user information and transparency covering Annex II instructions, support-period disclosure, end-of-support notices, vulnerability notices. - 28 items ### [CRA Vulnerability Handling FAQ | Lifecycle Duties, Components, Disclosure, Fix Sharing](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/vulnerability-handling.md) CRA FAQ on vulnerability handling covering Annex I Part II duties, component vulnerabilities, upstream reporting and fix sharing. - 29 items Browse all indexed questions: [/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items.md) ## All FAQ items *Page 11 of 54. Showing 20 of 1072 items.* ### [Can user instructions compensate for product design shortcomings?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#can-user-instructions-compensate-for-product-design-shortcomings) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* No. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 13(18), Annex II - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 145-147 ### [How should Annex I Part I be read in practice?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#how-should-annex-i-part-i-be-read-in-practice) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* Part I, point (2) is a structured set of product-security outcomes that the manufacturer must apply where relevant on the basis of the cybersecurity risk assessment. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Annex I Part I - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 4.1.3, section 4.2.1 ### [Do the essential requirements apply only to the local device, or to the whole product as placed on the market?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#do-the-essential-requirements-apply-only-to-the-local-device-or-to-the-whole-product-as-placed-on-the-market) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* They apply to the whole product. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 3(1), Article 13(2)-(5), Annex I - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 4.1.1 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 151-157, 162 ### [What if a specific essential requirement is incompatible with interoperability needs or with other Union law?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#what-if-a-specific-essential-requirement-is-incompatible-with-interoperability-needs-or-with-other-union-law) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* The CRA recognises that this can happen, but it is not a free pass. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 13(4), recital 55 - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 4.1.3 ### [Do harmonised standards define the only acceptable way to meet the essential requirements?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#do-harmonised-standards-define-the-only-acceptable-way-to-meet-the-essential-requirements) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* No. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 27, Article 31, Annex I - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 4.1.7, section 4.2.1 ### [How do CRA Annex I and Annex II work together on the essential cybersecurity requirements and user information?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#how-do-cra-annex-i-and-annex-ii-work-together-on-the-essential-cybersecurity-requirements-and-user-information) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* Annex I sets the substantive cybersecurity outcomes and processes that the product and manufacturer must meet. Annex II requires the manufacturer to give users the information they need to install, operate, update, integrate and decommission the product securely. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 13(18)-(19), Annex I, Annex II ### [How is a manufacturer expected to show that the CRA essential cybersecurity requirements are actually met?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#how-is-a-manufacturer-expected-to-show-that-the-cra-essential-cybersecurity-requirements-are-actually-met) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* The CRA does not prescribe one evidence format, but it does require the manufacturer to document how the applicable essential requirements are met. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 13(3)-(4), Article 31, Annex VII - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 4.1.1, section 4.2.1 ### [Do the essential cybersecurity requirements apply only to important or critical products?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#do-the-essential-cybersecurity-requirements-apply-only-to-important-or-critical-products) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* No. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 6, Article 7, Article 8 - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 4.2.1 ### [Do the essential cybersecurity requirements apply to each individual unit placed on the market, even when products are manufactured in series?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#do-the-essential-cybersecurity-requirements-apply-to-each-individual-unit-placed-on-the-market-even-when-products-are-manufactured-in-series) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* Yes. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - recital 38, Article 13(1) ### [Can a manufacturer transfer responsibility for meeting the essential cybersecurity requirements to users, integrators or other third parties?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#can-a-manufacturer-transfer-responsibility-for-meeting-the-essential-cybersecurity-requirements-to-users-integrators-or-other-third-parties) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* No. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 145-146 - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 13(18), Annex II ### [If identified cybersecurity risks cannot be adequately addressed through appropriate measures, can the product still be placed on the market with warnings or accepted residual risk?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#if-identified-cybersecurity-risks-cannot-be-adequately-addressed-through-appropriate-measures-can-the-product-still-be-placed-on-the-market-with-warnings-or-accepted-residual-risk) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* No. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 147 - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 13(2)-(4), Annex I Part I, point (1) ### [If interoperability requires a less secure measure or protocol, what do the essential cybersecurity requirements expect?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md#if-interoperability-requires-a-less-secure-measure-or-protocol-what-do-the-essential-cybersecurity-requirements-expect) *Module: [CRA Essential Cybersecurity Requirements](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/essential-cybersecurity-requirements.md)* The CRA allows justified constraints, but not an automatic downgrade. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 13(4), recital 55 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 29 and Example 6 ### [Can hardware and software together constitute a single product with digital elements?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md#can-hardware-and-software-together-constitute-a-single-product-with-digital-elements) *Module: [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md)* Yes. Sources for this answer: - [Cyber Resilience Act](https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj?ref=sorena.io) - Article 3(1) - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 17-19 ### [What is the key CRA boundary test for deciding whether software forms part of a hardware product?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md#what-is-the-key-cra-boundary-test-for-deciding-whether-software-forms-part-of-a-hardware-product) *Module: [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md)* The draft guidance says the key question is whether the software is necessary for the product to perform its intended functions in light of the product's intended purpose and reasonably foreseeable use. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 19 ### [Does the delivery channel decide whether software is part of the same CRA product boundary?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md#does-the-delivery-channel-decide-whether-software-is-part-of-the-same-cra-product-boundary) *Module: [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md)* No. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 19 ### [Can software that is not preloaded on the hardware still be part of the same product?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md#can-software-that-is-not-preloaded-on-the-hardware-still-be-part-of-the-same-product) *Module: [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md)* Yes. Sources for this answer: - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 1.2 ### [Are printer drivers part of the same CRA product as the printer?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md#are-printer-drivers-part-of-the-same-cra-product-as-the-printer) *Module: [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md)* They can be. Sources for this answer: - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 1.2 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - Example 3 ### [Can a companion mobile app be part of the same CRA product as a hardware device?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md#can-a-companion-mobile-app-be-part-of-the-same-cra-product-as-a-hardware-device) *Module: [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md)* Yes, if it is necessary for the product's intended functionality. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - Example 4 - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 1.2 ### [If an app is genuinely optional and the device can still perform its intended functions without it, is it automatically part of the same product?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md#if-an-app-is-genuinely-optional-and-the-device-can-still-perform-its-intended-functions-without-it-is-it-automatically-part-of-the-same-product) *Module: [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md)* Not automatically. Sources for this answer: - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - point 19 ### [When is software more likely to be treated as standalone software rather than part of a CRA hardware product boundary?](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md#when-is-software-more-likely-to-be-treated-as-standalone-software-rather-than-part-of-a-cra-hardware-product-boundary) *Module: [CRA Hardware and Software Boundaries](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/hardware-software-boundaries.md)* It is more likely to be treated as standalone software when it is supplied as software in its own right and is not necessary for a hardware product to perform its intended functions. Sources for this answer: - [European Commission CRA FAQs (January 2026)](https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/122331?ref=sorena.io) - section 1.2 - [Draft Commission guidance on the CRA (March 2026 draft)](https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en?ref=sorena.io) - points 13-19 ## FAQ Pagination - Canonical index (page 1): [/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items.md) - Page 1 rule: `/page/1` is intentionally not generated; use the canonical index markdown URL. - Current page: 11 of 54 Pages: [1](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items.md) | [2](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/2.md) | [3](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/3.md) | [4](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/4.md) | [5](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/5.md) | [6](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/6.md) | [7](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/7.md) | [8](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/8.md) | [9](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/9.md) | [10](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/10.md) | [11](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/11.md) | [12](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/12.md) | [13](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/13.md) | [14](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/14.md) | [15](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/15.md) | [16](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/16.md) | [17](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/17.md) | [18](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/18.md) | [19](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/19.md) | [20](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/20.md) | [21](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/21.md) | [22](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/22.md) | [23](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/23.md) | [24](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/24.md) | [25](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/25.md) | [26](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/26.md) | [27](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/27.md) | [28](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/28.md) | [29](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/29.md) | [30](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/30.md) | [31](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/31.md) | [32](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/32.md) | [33](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/33.md) | [34](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/34.md) | [35](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/35.md) | [36](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/36.md) | [37](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/37.md) | [38](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/38.md) | [39](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/39.md) | [40](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/40.md) | [41](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/41.md) | [42](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/42.md) | [43](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/43.md) | [44](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/44.md) | [45](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/45.md) | [46](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/46.md) | [47](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/47.md) | [48](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/48.md) | [49](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/49.md) | [50](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/50.md) | [51](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/51.md) | [52](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/52.md) | [53](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/53.md) | [54](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/54.md) [Previous page](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/10.md) | [Next page](/artifacts/eu/cyber-resilience-act/faq/items/page/12.md) *Recommended next step* *Placement: after the FAQ section* ## Use the CRA FAQ hub as a cited research workflow Research Copilot can turn recurring CRA interpretation questions into a reusable workflow tied to your products, evidence, and owners. - [Open Research Copilot](/solutions/research-copilot.md): Answer CRA scope, conformity, CE marking, and component questions with cited outputs. - [Talk through your CRA rollout](/contact.md): Review product decisions, evidence gaps, and launch blockers with the Sorena team. --- [Privacy Policy](https://www.sorena.io/privacy) | [Terms of Use](https://www.sorena.io/terms-of-use) | [DMCA](https://www.sorena.io/dmca) | [About Us](https://www.sorena.io/about-us) (c) 2026 Sorena AB (559573-7338). 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